11+Late+Antiquity

=Late Antiquity 300-800 CE   = = CONTEXT  = =  __Third Century CE__   =  ·   Christ was crucified in 29 CE but very little art and architecture remains from the first century CE.  ·   “Early Christian Art” refers to art with Christian __content__, not the art of the Christians at the time of Jesus.  ·   The synagogue at the Dura-Europos site in Syria, provides examples of works of art from the 3rd century Roman Garrison.  ·   The remains of a Christian community house at Dura-Europos provide evidence of the earliest Christian worship.  ·   Funerary art (catacombs and sarcophagi) mixed Old and New Testament themes. ** __Christian Art and Constantine__ ** (306-337)  ·  The Edict of Milan in 313 CE granted legal status equal to or superior to paganism.  ·  Constantine was the first major patron of Christian art and built the first churches in Rome.  ·  In 330 Constantine, in a Christian ceremony, dedicated Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire. He was baptized on his deathbed in 337 CE.  ·  Early Christian artists produced mural and ceiling paintings depicting Old and New Testament stories in the catacombs and sarcophagi in great numbers.

 ·   Emperor Theodosius I made Christianity the **official religion of the Roman Empire in 318** and in 391 banned all forms of pagan worship. 1.  Christian faith is proselytizing- rapid growth from humble beginnings 2.  Christian faith is congregational- prayer, sermons, sacraments, confession=required large assembly halls for worship 3.  Christian faith has specific burials requirements= preservation of the body=catacombs and sarcophagi are necessary for Christian burial 4.  Mysticism and miracles are cornerstones of the faith.  ·   The Emperor Honorius moves the capital of the Western Roman Empire to **Ravenna** in 404 CE. In 410 Rome falls to the Visigoths (King Alaric).  ·   **Mosaics** are major vehicle for depiction of Christian themes in churches.  ·   The **first manuscripts** with Old and New Testament images are created in the 6th century; this __will later become a major art from of the Middle Ages.__ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Early Christian churches **appropriate** classical forms for architecture, sculpture, and painting. 11-9 [|Restored cut away view of Old St. Peter’s] ca. 320 11-10 [|Santa Sabina], Rome 432 11-11 Interior of [|Santa Costanza], Rome 350 11-12 Plan of [|Santa Costanza 11-15 Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna 425] 11-17 Interior of [|Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo], 500 11-3 Samuel anoints David, detail of mural painting from synagogue at Dura-Europos, 250 11-5 [|The Good Shepherd], painted ceiling from cubiculum, Catacombs of St. Peter and Marcelinus, early 4th century. 11-13 Vault mosaic from ambulatory of Santa Costanza, Rome, 350 11-14 [|Parting of Abraham and Lot], Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 440 11-16 [|Christ as the Good Shepherd], mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravennna, 425 11-18 Miracle of the loaves and the fishes, Sant’ Appolinare Nuovo, Rome, 500 11-20 [|Rebecca and Elizer at the well], //Vienna Genesis//, early sixth century ** Sculpture ** 11-7 [|Sarcophagus of Junius Bassos], 359 11-8 Christ seated, 375 Iconoclast orthodox baldacinno tesserae  encaustic = mandorla // Chi-Ro = // orant = figures - piety/pathos = sacramental Catacomb = basilica plan = central plan = atrium = crossing = blind arcade Colonnade = Clerestory = dome = squinch = buttress = narthex = nave = aisles WEBSITES [|San Vitale / Galla Placidia] [|Basic plans]
 * __Christian Art__ ** (337-526)
 * Works of Architecture **
 * Two-Dimensional Works **
 * Vocabulary **
 * Architectural Vocabulary **