21.+15th+Century+Italian+Art

= The Florentine Renaissance 1400-1500 =

**ASSIGN: [[file:CHAPTER 21 Study Questions.doc]]**
= CONTEXT: = 1. Cosimo Medici and his Neo-Platonic academy: o Cosimo rules Repbulic of Florence by 1434, followed by Piero Medici, then Lorenzo Medici (exiled from Florence in 1494) o The family is responsible for the advancement of //humanistic// and scientific knowledge 2. Expanding wealth of the **merchant class** and guilds Florence develops into a powerful and wealthy republic with only a few merchant families controlling the politics of the city. Merchant and artisan class challenge the entrenched position of the nobility. 3. International trade and banking supports the growth of cities which in turn equals unparalleled productivity in the arts. 5. ** The emergence of the artist’s social position sometimes equals the stature of their patrons. The artist emerges as hero, divinely inspired, as a genius. ** 6. ** Intellectual approach to beauty and art, including the discovery of linear perspective: mathematics > ratio > module > proportion > harmony/balance/symmetry > beauty = =** HISTORY **= 1. In Florence the //Ghibellines// are loyal to imperial ideal (aristocrats) versus the //Guelphs// who are loyal to the Pope. 2. Constantinople falls the Ottoman Turks in 1453 bringing to a final end the eastern Holy Roman Empire. 3. The Church in Rome becomes a military and political force prone to abuse of power and wealth. // 4. // Savonarola preaches reform, controls Florence by 1494 leading the a “//Bonfire of the Vanities”.//
 * 4. ** The expansion of national states; discovery through global navigation produces a new world view…. The individual’s relationship with the world-**//Humanism.//** **

= = WORKS OF ART: 21-18-20…..Massacio ……………..Brancacci Chapel (//Tribute Money, HolyTrinity//)…1424 21-17……….Da Fabriano………….//Adoration of the Magi// altarpiece in the **//International style//**//….//1424 21-21……….Fra Angelico…………Annunciation……………….1450 21- 42-43….Della Francesca……//Enthroned Madonna// and Saints, //Flagellation of Christ……..1460// 21-26……….Ucello………………….//Battle of San Romano………….//and perspective drawings of objects 21—23…….Fra Filippo Lippi……//Madonna and Child with Angels//………………1455 21-27-28…..Botticelli……………..//Primavera// and //Birth of Venus…………//1480 21-40……….Perugino……………..//Christ Delivering the Keys to the Kingdom to St. Peter//………1483 21-47-48-49……Mantegna………//Interior and ceiling of the Camera Picta//, //Foreshortened Christ…..//1490 21-21-41……Signorelli…………….//Damned Cast into Hell//……………1499
 * Paintings **

Sculpture
21-2………..Brunelleschi…………..//Sacrifice of Isaac//…………………1402 21-3………..Ghiberti………………….//Sacrifice of Isaac//, north doors of the Baptistry of the Florence Cathdral……1402-1454 21-4………..di Banco……………….//The Four Saints//…………………..1414 21-5………..Donatello……………..//Saint Mark, St. George, Feasts of Herod, David, Gattamelata//……….c. 1440 21-13………Verroccchio…………//David, Bartolmeo Colleoni//………………………1470 21-29……..Pollaiuolo………………//Battle of the Ten Nudes//………………………….1474 21-30-35……………Brunelleschi………………….cut away view of the dome of the Florence cathedral …………………………………………………….......interior and plan of Santo Spiritu……………….1446 …………………………………………………………façade of the Pazzi Chapel…………………………1442 …………………………………………………………plan and interior of the Pazzi Chapel 21-36-37…………Michelozzo………………………façade and interior of Palazzo Medici-Ricardi……1444 21-38-39…………Alberti………………………….....Palazzo Rucellai, façade of Santa Maria Novella, ………………………………………………………….plan and façade of Sant’ Andrea…………..1470
 * Architecture **