1+Prehistoric+Art

= CONTEXT =   ·  The role of written language as a source for understanding the past  ·  The importance of understanding the relationship of ** //__CONTEXT__//** and **//__FUNCTION__//** when studying art  ·  Alberti’s theory of //Image by Chance// “//I believe that the arts of those who attempt to create images and likenesses….**originated in the following way.** They probably observed in a tree-trunk or clod of earth and other similar inanimate objects certain outlines in which, with slight alterations, something very similar to ….nature was represented. They began… (to) __take away__ **or** __other wise supply whatever seemed lacking__ to effect and complete the **__true likeness__**//.” (Alberti, //__On Sculpture__//)

= WORKS OF ART =  Feline headed human, statuette c. 30,000 BCE  p. 17 (sculpture)  [|Statuette (Woman of Willendorf)] Austria c. 25,000 BCE p. 17 [|Cave paintings at Lascaux]<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">, France c. 15,000 BCE p. 23 (painting) [|Cave paintings at Altamira]<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">, Spain c. 12,000 BCE p.19 [|Clay bison at Le Tuc d’Audoubert]<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">, France c. 12,000 BCE p. 19 [|Stonehenge-Neolithic construction]<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">, England c. 2,000 BCE p. 28 (architecture) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> = VOCABULARY  = [|Paleolithic]<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> is the period following 30000 BCE. Paleo meaning old and lithos meaning stone. This was the period the art changed to representation. [|Neolithic] <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> is literally translated into “New Stone Age” A [|schematic] is a simple diagram, plan, or drawing. [|Animism] is portraying animals or inanimate objects to have feelings. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> **Undulation** is wavelike motion. A **shaman** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">is a member of certain tribal societies who acts as a medium between the visible world and an invisible spirit world and who practices magic or sorcery for purposes of healing, divination, and control over natural events. **Shamanism** <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">is the animistic religion of northern Asia, embracing a belief in powerful spirits that can be influenced only by shamans. = TECHNIQUES  = **Identify examples from the text for each of the following techniques. You can look beyond the chapter. Use full titles and dates.** __<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'">Architecture __<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'">: Post and lintel construction megalith trilithon <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> sarsen blue stones <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> __Two-dimensional works of art__: silhouette (vs. frontal view) contour / contour line <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> aerial view twisted perspective / composite view <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> __Three-dimensional works of art__: additive vs. subtractive method (of making sculpture) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'"> statuette (or figurine) relief (sculpture) = = = = = IDEAS / CONCEPTS = <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 1: __origins__ of art making: mimetic / mimesis (refer to quote in CONTEXT) ·  <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“//image by chance//” (Alberti’s //theory of the beginnings of art//) ·  __<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Simplest form of image-making __<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">: schematic representation = icon / iconic <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 2: __Image-making concepts / ideas__ (related to drawing / painting): Twisted perspective <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">( images of animals in cave paintings at Lascaux) Silhouette<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> and contour //know the __difference__ between these two terms// Aerial view //<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">versus //<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> side view of a figure / animal (Why?) “optical” <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> vs. “descriptive” view of objects (in two dimensional representational art)
 * Shamanistic** is the adjective form of shamanism.

<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 3: animation / animism (as it relates to undulating surface of cave at Lascaux) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 4: the importance of knowing the //context// (including original site / circumstances of art work)

<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 5: What is abstraction and why is it used? = RESOURCES = = = [|ARTstor] - Over 300,000 digital images documenting traditions across many times and cultures and embracing, among others, architecture, sculpture, photography, decorative arts, and design. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Eras Medium ITC','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> [|Grove Art] - Users can access more than 23,000 subject entries, 21,000 biographies, 500,000 bibliographic citations, 40,000 image links and 5,000 images contained within //Grove Art Online//. =<span style="COLOR: #7d7be5; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: #7677d5; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">WEBSITE = [|The Caves at Lascaux]